Breast Cancer General Background - 855 Words

B.1 Breast cancer B.1.1 Breast cancer: General background In the United States breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women after skin cancer and is second to lung cancer in causing cancer-related mortality. In the last few decades, greater awareness, early detection and improved treatment options have significantly declined breast-cancer related mortality. Statistics from 2015 indicate that the 5-year survival for localized female breast cancer in above 98%. However, the 5-year survival of patients with distant or metastatic breast cancer is only about 25%. Thus, breast cancer metastasis continues to be a significant hurdle and several agencies are invested in exploring preventive and curative strategies against it. B.1.2 Breast cancer: Pathology and heterogeneity Physiologically the breast or the â€Å"mammary gland† is a specialized organ for milk production (lactation) in mammals. It consists mainly of a network of glands that undergo dramatic changes in females during puberty, gestation and menopause; along with connective tissue, fat cells, lymph nodes and blood vessels. The glands are made up of a) milk-producing lobules and b) ducts (thin tubules) that carry the milk from the lobules to the nipples (figure). The lobules and the ducts are lined with epithelial cells that can undergo oncogenic transformation, thereby resulting in carcinomas – cancers of the epithelial cells. A majority of breast cancers consist of carcinomas originating from theShow MoreRelatedCell Signaling Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pageshuman disease breast cancer and sickle cell anemia have been the most prevalent. The importance of these topics in reference to breast cancer and sickle cell anemia are the background information on these diseases, the gen eral population affected, what gene/proteins are involved in these diseases, the symptoms of the diseases, the experimental research, and the key advances/ problems relaying to treatment for the diseases. Understanding the background information and how much breast cancer affects peopleRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1714 Words   |  7 PagesBreast Cancer The twentieth century has often been called and known as the cancer century. The reason being is that throughout the century, there have been more than a hundred types of cancer discovered across the world. In addition to the discovery of these many cancers, there has been an enormous medical effort to fight all kinds of cancer across the world. In the early decades of the century, cancer was considered to be a fatal disease, resulting in a high number of deaths. 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A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that can grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body. The disease occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get it, too† (Breast Cancer). Today many women are becoming diagnosed with breast cancer. ItRead MoreGenetic Markers : A Genetic Marker1641 Words   |  7 Pagesto identify any inherited trait, whether beneficial or harmful and can determine the possibility of certain inherited diseases from infected a person. For example using genetic markers, geneticists were able to associate close to ten percent of breast cancer cases with the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Genetic markers are definitely the future of medicine, they allow geneticists to get a better view something as finite as a c hromosome. 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Besides, her specialty is not even cancer at all but infectious disease. David Solomon, a cancer researcher at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) says that novel ideas in science always challenge the current paradigm.